Background and Objectives: Cloud computing technology is one of the emerging technologies that is going to transform managing and using information in the web and other information basis. This technology will change information managers’ approach in sharing information in data warehouses. Through using this technology in Academic Libraries, especially in Digital Academic Libraries, we can save users’ time, and also help them to access their resources in short time in anywhere and every time. In a word, Academic Libraries, by using this technology, can make use of other library Digital materials in the remote manner and without any ownership, so this is the mean of access to the resources by everyone in every time and every place. By using this kind of useful technology in the important and high level kind of Library and Information Science center (Academic Libraries), we can reach to the new kind of Library, names "Cloud Library". Cloud library is the library that is different from other traditional Libraries, in goal and also applications, and even in kind of librarians. In this regard the main purpose of this study is to identify the current status of applying cloud computing technology in Digital Academic library researches in order to extract research gaps, and to represent their applied research methods. Methodology: Systematic review has developed as a specific methodology for searching for, appraising and synthesizing findings of primary studies, and has rapidly become a cornerstone of the evidence-based practice and policy movement. And also systematic review methodology can be distinguished from narrative reviews of the literature through its emphasis on transparent, structured and comprehensive approaches to searching the literature and its requirement for formal synthesis of research findings. Also this method, based on the steps that introduced by Kitchenham and Charters, is used to do this study. In fact researchers in this study traversed three main steps entitled survey design, literature review, and writing survey report. Factually, 9 distinctive works had done to do this study. In this regard, researchers tried to identify related resources and deeply studied them after filtering unrelated resources. Reading titles, abstracts and in a few cases reading introduction and conclusions helped us to extract some irrelevant resources that were retrieved in the search stage. Afterwards the remained studied resources were clustered in 3 clusters entitled cloud computing technology acceptance and security, problems and challenges, application of cloud computing in Academic Libraries. Findings: The findings showed that in total, 28 works, including 10 internal and 18 external works in the field of cloud computing and Digital library have been published so far. Of these 28, the largest percentage of research is on the impact of cloud computing on library management and services, with 32%. Factors affecting cloud computing acceptance are at 28%, and the three areas are "Security, Problems and Challenges of Cloud Computing", "Cloud Computing in Academic Libraries", and "Cloud Libraries", with 11% each. Lower (third). Finally, the lower-level (fourth) domain of "cloud computing in Digital Libraries" has received 7% of research attention. Finally, the area of "cloud computing in Academic Digital Libraries", which also represents the current research gap, is at the bottom of the list with no research (zero percent). Other findings of the study can be attributed to the research methodology which indicates that most of the research in the field of cloud computing has been done in Digital and Academic Libraries with a quantitative approach of 25 cases and a survey method of 11 cases out of 25; Few studies have been conducted in 3 cases using a qualitative approach or a hybrid approach. Discussion: Research in the field of cloud computing in Academic Digital Libraries has shown that the field is still young and needs to be intentioned by the researchers interested in this field. On the other hand, the research methodology showed that using quantitative approach and using survey method in the studies of the researchers showed that this research method has the most importance in research. Finally, the research gap, namely, "Cloud computing in Academic Digital Libraries" has not been interested by researchers, so it is hoped that this project will be a good start to pursue the present research field and eliminate the barriers to using cloud computing technology in Academic Digital Libraries.

Objective: In order to optimal utilization of personalized services, it is necessary to identify status of personalized service in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran. Reviewing the status of Digital Academic Libraries shows which components and indicators of personalization need to be planned and developed.Methodology: This study has been done by descriptive survey method. 70 Digital Academic Libraries were surveyed. The collection tool was researcher-made checklist. The checklist was prepared based on a systematic review of related studies. Statistical techniques including frequency distribution and frequency percentage were used to analyze the data.Findings: indicated that there are 47 percent of content personalization indicators; 47.1 percent of interactive personalization indicators; 8.1 percent of collaborative personalization indicators; 17 percent of personalization in information retrieval indicators; and 23.4 percent of user profile indicators in the surveyed Libraries. In general, the status of service personalization in Digital Academic Libraries is poor and personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran has a customization and user-centered approach. Universities need to improve their performance on the move to Digital Libraries and the use of personalized services. Providing services with a system-based approach in Libraries should be reviewed and given more attention.Originality: This study has for the first time reviewed the status of personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran. In addition, by preparing a checklist based on a systematic review of studies, it has tried to obtain a comprehensive view of the status of personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran.

Objective: User profile is a key element in order to implement and develop personalization services. The user profile describes the user's preferences and lead to an understanding of the user's needs. The aim of this study was to identify indicators related to the creation and maintenance of user profiles and models in Academic Digital Libraries.Methodology: The present study is an applied one done with the systematic review and Delphi method. Systematic review method was used to determine indicators related to creating and maintaining user profiles in the context of Digital Libraries. The primary keywords were searched in the different databases such as Google Scholar, Emerald, Ebsco, Scopus, Proquest, Magiran, Irandoc and Civilica. Search keywords include "Personali *", "Customiz *", "Recommendation System", "Personalized Recommendation" and combine them with the keywords "Librar *", "Digital Librar *", "Academic Librar *", "Services Librar *". In addition, the "My Library" keyword was searched. The scope of this systematic review included studies that were published from 1990 to 2019. Finally, 47 studies were selected on user profiles in personalized services of Libraries. After reviewing the studies, the indicators on profile user were identified and then the Delphi method was used to determine important and basic indicators. Delphi's group is consisted of 15 experts in the field of Digital library and library software who were selected using Purposeful sampling. Delphi's group reached a consensus on indicators after three rounds. Experts were asked to indicate the importance of the indicators using a 10-point scale ranging. The criterion score for the consensus of the experts was a mean of 7 or higher. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, binomial distribution and Kendall coefficient were used to analyze the data.Findings: 72 indicators were extracted to create and maintain user profiles. From the point of view of Delphi panel members, 49 indicators were recognized as important indicators. Important factors in creating and maintaining a user profile include the type of information, data collection approach, display and presentation of user modeling, user model interoperability, quality of data, privacy and security, and user profile management.Conclusion: Identifying indicators of user profiles can be used to develop and enhance the use of service personalization in Digital Libraries. It is suggested that more research be done in this area, especially to determine the quality of data and privacy in the user profile.

Introduction: One of the features of the Digital library is providing services to meet the information needs of users and personalized services are one of the new ways of providing services in Digital Libraries and an important process in the development of these Libraries and attracting users. It seems that there is a major gap between the role and importance of personalized services and the use of these services in Digital Libraries, especially Academic Digital Libraries. So the main purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the development and promotion of personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries from the perspective of information science experts.Methodology: The study was conducted with a qualitative methodology. To collect data, semi-structured interview with information sciences experts in the field of Digital library who familiar with personalized services was used. Sampling method was purposeful sampling. The interview protocol included the introductory text, questions, prompts and the end text of the interview. At the beginning of the interview, information was shared with the experts about the why, importance and steps of the research. In the interview, according to the main purpose of the research, three questions were asked: What is the status of personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran? , What are the barriers to and factors for facilitating implementation of personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran?, What are the proposed solutions to improve the current situation of personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran? In this study, planned and informal prompts were used. The planned prompts include software, library management, librarians, users, and library services, which were obtained by studying sources related to personalized services and factors influencing the development of Digital Libraries. In the end text of the interview, the experts who participated in the interview were asked to state any matter or point that was neglected during the interview. The interview was saturated with 16 people, including 7 librarians and 9 faculty members. Qualitative content analysis with inductive approach was used to analyze the interviews. The criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) were considered for the validation of the interview.Findings: Findings showed that regarding the first question of the interview, experts had similar perspective and declared the status of personalization in Digital Academic Libraries is in the earliest development stages. Regarding the second question of the interview, 6 categories, 4 subcategories and 32 codes related to barriers to personalized services implementation and 4 categories, 4 subcategories and 27 codes related to facilitators of personalization of services were identified in Digital Academic Libraries. In general, most of the barriers and facilitating factors that are related to the personalized services have been discussed at the general level about Digital Libraries. In relation to the third question of the interview, the experts suggested 16 solutions. The majority of experts' suggestions for the development of these services refer to the category of human factors.Conclusion: This study showed that there are six factors influencing the development of personalized services in Iranian Digital Academic Libraries include technical issues, legal issues, human factors, organizational structure and management, cultural and social issues and library functions. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it can be said that the development of personalized services in Digital Academic Libraries in Iran should be considered from multiple aspects.

Purpose: Seeks to identify information interoperability protocols in 36 leading Digital Libraries to identify appropriate indicators. Methodology: Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential frequency, percentage, Lambda and Fisher's test were employed for analysis of data. Findings: 29 (80%) Libraries used OAI-ORE protocol, 6 (16%) university, school and special Libraries used OAI-PMH protocol. Z39. 50 more often used by national Libraries. Public Libraries used Z39. 50 and SRU/W for better interoperability. Special Libraries used protocols most and were more successful in Interoperability. School Libraries rarely used any protocol. Conclusion: The use of Z39. 50 was influenced by the scope of library’ s activity. Availability of archival resources and cultural objects (for example, museum objects) has led the Libraries to use OAI-PMH for better interoperability. The use of Z39. 50 and SRU/W was influenced by use of federated model in Digital Libraries. The use of OAI-PMH was influenced by the use of harvested model in Digital Libraries.

Objective: Due to the inherent features of Digital environment, such as the ease of dissemination of information widely and quickly, or the possibility of manipulating Digital content by anonymous users, the Digital environment and Digital Libraries pose many challenges to copyright and legislative decision-making to approve new laws and rules. Investigating the issues and challenges of copyright of Digital content especially textual resources can help to develop Digital Libraries. The aim of this research was to identify, determine and prioritize the issues and challenges of copyright of textual Digital resources from the viewpoint of managers of Academic Digital Libraries in Tehran. Methodology: The methodology of this applied research was the analytical survey and the total number of managers of Academic Digital Libraries in Tehran was selected as the research population (31 managers). The data were collected through library studies and a questionnaire. First, previous studies and the documentary research method were used to review the fundamental issues and challenges of copyright of textual Digital resources in order to design a questionnaire based on the research model. Then, by reviewing the literature and the basis of the research model, a questionnaire with 60 items and eight sections was developed after validation using expert opinion and reliability verification using Cronbach's alpha method and distributed among 31 managers of Academic Digital Libraries in Tehran. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods by the SPSS and the Smart PLS softwares نارهت رهش ی هاگشناد لاتی دیجی اهی هناخباتک دمینار هاگد قح اهی شلاچ و لئاسم یل لحت 03 ی د زا لاتی نتم ی یجی د عبانم فلؤم Findings: The findings showed that from the viewpoints of managers of Academic Digital Libraries' in Tehran, issues and challenges of copyright of textual Digital resources are as follows in order of importance: defective copyright laws, exceptions and fair use, the nature of the Digital space, Libraries actions, protective and system and network technologies, economy, contract and licenses, and moral considerations. The model validity of the issues and challenges affecting the copyright of Digital textual resources was verified using structural and measurement models. Indicators of the nature of Digital environment in order of importance were: the ease of unauthorized sharing of copyrighted works simultaneously among multiple users,the ease of scientific and literary manipulation (plagiarism),the ambiguity of responsibility and the right to protect the Digital content by Digital Libraries,the ease of copy and paste of Digital texts,the distortion and dissemination of copyrighted materials,the problem of validating the authenticity of Digital content,the possibility of unauthorized reproduction at the international level,the inaccurate identification of the production site and the publisher of the work,and failure to identify the provenance and publisher of Digital content. Conclusion: The challenge of defective copyright laws is the most important problem facing the copyright of textual Digital resources. Due to the widespread use of Digital information resources, there is a strong need to solve problems and challenges related to the defective copyright laws. Therefore, it is important to investigate and resolve issues related to elements and constituents of copyright, including the limitations of copyright for Digital Libraries due to the legal issues, the challenges of new media and data formats, the need for contracts between publishers and content creators, etc.

Aim: Digitization is a way to better organize and present information that will make it easier for the general public to access it. Nevertheless, intellectual property rights based on author-centered perspectives pose challenges for Libraries,To the extent that today it is a necessity to say that these rights need an intellectual revolution to always ensure a balance between the rights of the owners of works and society. Traditionally, when a library buys a book from a publisher, according to the "first sale or exhaustion" theory, the purchased copy is no longer subject to copyright control rules. Lending books in Libraries is based on exactly the same legal basis. But this basis is not very effective in lending books to e-Libraries. So from the point of view of some, At present, copyright law presupposes the or exhaustion of rights only to tangible objects, such as printed books, and vice versa,The status of Digital works is ambiguous. The main goal of the present research is to resolve these ambiguities as much as possible by categorizing the sources. Methodoligy: This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative-descriptive in terms of the method of data collection and analysis. Findings: Books and Digital works Digital Libraries are divided into three categories in terms of the status of publishing rights and especially the legal status of access to them,First, copyrighted works (sponsored),Second, Orphan Works And finally, Out-Of-Print Works. The solution that strengthens Digital Libraries is to assign Orphan and Out-Of-Print Works to the public domain. The transformation of these works as part of public ownership does not sever the connection of the work with its creator, and in fact, these works generally have a family and this family (society) will enjoy it and benefit from its benefits. Conclusion: The existence of a comprehensive regulatory framework supporting online Digital Libraries and protecting and expanding public knowledge and awareness is a fundamental need and necessity. Today, Digital Libraries are considered the main means of access to knowledge and awareness, and removing monopolies and enriching Digital Libraries is very decisive in this field. It is necessary to review the strict laws of authors' rights in favor of the production of knowledge and information and public culture, as well as the expansion of copyright laws in order to help the production of knowledge, information and culture. Many legal proposals have been submitted to resolve the issue of copyrighted works. These proposals include, Legislative amendment of copyright law, special library exemption and Courts’,intervention to uphold Digital exhaustion.

Purpose: Library users need to have integrated access to Digital library content and services. Preparing these services needs syntactic and semantic interoperability infrastructure. Nowadays most Digital library applications syntactically have the ability to exchange with each other. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to propose semantic integration architecture for Digital Libraries to enable them to prepare new semantic services for their users. Method: This study was carried out in the following steps: firstly research literature was collected and studied. Studying research literature helps the researcher to prepare a primary version of the checklist to collect data in this study. The next step aimed to survey the semantic interoperability ability of Digital library management systems. In this regard, 26 Iranian Digital library management systems were studied by the researcher-made checklist in the previous step. The studied Digital library management systems have syntactic interoperability functionalities. Then this study’, s semantic integration architecture was proposed according to the analysis and results of the study. Finally, the "demonstration" method was used to assess the proposed architecture. Findings: Findings showed that studied Digital library management systems focused on textual materials and paid very little attention to other library information resource formats. Moreover, in many cases, the studied Digital library systems did not fill the contents of semantically needed metadata fields. On average, they attempt to document metadata fields such as subject and keywords, by existing reference materials such as Library of Congress Subject Headings and subjective thesauruses that they needed. Conclusion: According to the findings, the architecture of the semantic integration model based on the results of this study was proposed with three data, inference machine, and application layers.